What is the difference between Su, Sudo Su, Sudo -s and Sudo -i?

The article from Make Tech Easier discusses the differences between the commands 'su', 'sudo', 'su -', and 'sudo -i'. These commands are crucial in Linux-based systems as they relate to user management and permissions. 'Su' stands for 'switch user' and allows you to switch to another user, which can be either the root account or another user. Conversely, 'sudo' enables a command to be executed with the permissions of another user, typically the root user, without the need to switch to their account. There are also variants like 'su -', which changes the environment to that of the user you are switching to, and 'sudo -i', which starts an interactive shell with the privileges of another user.

The author highlights various scenarios in which using each of these commands might be beneficial. For instance, 'su' is not always the best choice for routine tasks, primarily due to security needs and strict access control. Overall, 'sudo' is preferred as it allows for more limited access to permissions while maintaining full auditability. In the past, 'su' could be used to provide full access to the system, but as security best practices have evolved, 'sudo' has become a more standard and safer solution.

When should you use 'su' and when is 'sudo' appropriate? The answer to this question boils down to the context of use. If you want to execute a single command as another user, 'sudo' is the best choice, whereas 'su' might be more suitable if you intend to switch to another user for an extended time. Moreover, understanding how these commands work can help avoid potential security issues and unauthorized access to the system.

The article also lists best practices for using these commands, reinforcing the essential role they play in the daily use of the Linux system and the importance of using them wisely. Each has its specifications and applications, enabling system administrators to implement them wherever they are most effective. Consequently, familiarizing oneself with the differences between these commands is crucial for anyone looking to enhance their skills in Linux operating system administration.